A surge protector diverts power to earth when it detects a surge in voltage. Depending on the surge protection device, it may absorb the spiked energy or release it as heat. The energy it absorbs depends on the surge protection device's joule rating. It is important to choose the right surge protection device for the device you are using.
Power surges can damage expensive electronics. Surge protectors are essential for these items because they contain delicate microprocessors. Without this protection, a power surge can damage the components of these items and shorten their lifespan. Power surges can also wipe out data and destroy entire systems. Therefore, you should use surge protectors to safeguard expensive electronics like televisions and computers.
A surge protection system can be categorized into several types. Some surge protectors are all-in-one, while others use multiple components. Each type has its strengths and weaknesses. For example, the first six types divert unwanted electrical energy away from the protected load, while the last two use multiple methods to block unwanted energy.
One type of surge suppressor is a whole-house surge protector, which can protect your whole house against big power spikes. Another type is a single circuit surge protector, which can protect specific electronic devices in a single circuit. These devices operate like a pressure relief valve, diverting excess voltage to the ground wire when the power surges exceed normal levels. Most of these surge protectors react in less than a nanosecond. When the voltage level returns to normal, the flow of electricity is restored.